Production Check
Last updated 26 February 2018
Table of Contents
Production Check tests your app’s configuration against a set of optional—but highly recommended—criteria. It makes it easy to ensure that your app’s configuration lends itself to maximum uptime. Moreover, it ensures that you have tools available for understanding and monitoring the factors that contribute to uptime.
How to check your app
To run Production Check, navigate to your app in the Heroku Dashboard, click the actions menu in the top-right corner, and then click Production check.
Production Check will run a series of tests on your app. These tests are recommended for maintaining and monitoring availability. Each check includes useful links to related resources.
Heroku-16
The Heroku-16 stack is recommended for all applications. To learn how to determine what stack your application is currently deployed to, refer to the Stacks article.
The legacy Cedar-14 stack will reach its end in April of 2019. If you are not yet on Heroku-16, you should migrate to Heroku-16.
Dyno redundancy
Running at least 2 web dynos for any mission-critical app increases the probability that the app will remain available during a catastrophic event. Multiple dynos are also more likely to run on different physical infrastructure (for example, separate AWS Availability Zones), further increasing redundancy.
Use the heroku ps command to determine how many dynos of each type your app is currently running. Use heroku ps:scale to scale the number of dynos your app is running.
$ heroku ps -a ha-app
=== web:
web.1: up for 17m
$ heroku ps:scale web+2
Scaling web processes... done, now running 3
This applies to web dynos but also any background or worker dynos as well.
DNS & SSL
Apps on the Cedar stack should have CNAME records pointing to app-name.herokuapp.com. When SSL is required, provision an SSL Endpoint and, for us apps, point your CNAME records to endpoint-name.herokussl.com (this change is not required for EU apps). Any other configuration will result in reduced availability.
Apex domains (otherwise known as bare, root and naked domains) should not be configured using A-records. Properly configure the root domain DNS using CNAME-like functionality or subdomain redirection.
You can quickly determine if your DNS records are properly configured using the host command-line utility.
$ host www.example.com
www.example.com is an alias for nara-1234.herokussl.com.
nara-1234.herokussl.com is an alias for elb002776-242519199.us-east-1.elb.amazonaws.com.
elb002776-242519199.us-east-1.elb.amazonaws.com has address 107.21.240.226
…
You should see an alias mapping from www.example.com to either app-name.herokuapp.com or endpoint-name.herokussl.com.
Heroku Postgres
Production-tier database
If you run your business on Heroku, you should use a production-grade Heroku Postgres database. For more information, see Choosing the Right Heroku Postgres Plan.
The Heroku Postgres production tiers are Standard, Premium, Private and Shield. Hobby-dev and Hobby-basic plans are not production databases.
The production tier of service achieves the highest expected uptime and includes automated health checks, data snapshots and advanced features such as fork and follow.
$ heroku pg:info -a ha-app
=== HEROKU_POSTGRESQL_CYAN_URL (DATABASE_URL)
Plan: Standard 0
Status: Available
Data Size: 6.4 MB
Tables: 0
PG Version: 9.4.1
Connections: 2/120
Fork/Follow: Available
Rollback: earliest from 2015-04-24 22:16 UTC
Created: 2015-04-24 22:14 UTC
Maintenance: not required
Maintenance window: Mondays 20:30 to Tuesdays 00:30 UTC
If your application requires a non-relational data store, Amazon DynamoDB is another great candidate for highly available data storage.
High availability
The Premium, Private and Shield tiers of Heroku Postgres databases have additional benefits for application uptime, including High Availability with automatic failover.
Visibility and monitoring
In order to improve the availability of your app, it helps to have excellent awareness of, and reactivity to, the state of your app. This can be accomplished with a variety of tools.
App monitoring
New Relic allows you to monitor, and drill into, the performance of your app over time. There are many cases in which a loss in availability is preceded by a degradation in service.
Over a reasonable period of observation, establish normal operating boundaries for your application and set up alerts to notify you when your system is beginning to deviate from them.
Use New Relic’s rich graphing and performance analysis capabilities to better understand how your application behaves in certain circumstances and where it is most brittle. These observations can help you diagnose and work around degradations in periods of instability.
Log monitoring
The Heroku add-on marketplace includes many services that consume, store and provide instrumentation against your application’s log stream. By logging interesting events, like successful credit card signups, you can use these log services to alert you to unusual activity. When problems do arise, they also simplify debugging by allowing you to search the history of your log events.
Papertrail is an example of a service that provides alerting based on patterns in your log data. Setup a search alert for errors and events within your app and integrate with Librato, PagerDuty, and Campfire. The search alert can be for Heroku error codes or interesting events in your app.
