Last updated October 30, 2024

This article describes the Heroku-24 stack, based on Ubuntu 24.04. What is a stack?

What’s new

This stack is now based on Ubuntu 24.04, compared to Ubuntu 22.04 used in the Heroku-22 stack.

The most important changes compared to Heroku-22 are:

• We adjusted the Ubuntu packages installed on the stack to reduce the size of the base images:
  • We removed some less frequently used packages (such as Bazaar and Mercurial).
  • We made some tools that are typically only required during the build (such as GCC, Make, Git and system Python) available only at build time, rather than at app run time too.
• We made several changes to the Heroku-24 Docker images:
  • We now publish them as multi-architecture images, that support both the amd64 and arm64 architectures instead of only amd64.
  • We now set the default image Linux user to heroku instead of root.

See the upgrade notes for more detailed change information.

Available software

Every stack on Heroku supports different operating system packages and language runtime versions. This support is typically confined to software that was still actively developed by the respective maintainers at the time the stack was first released.

Language runtimes

For the most accurate information on supported language runtime versions, please check the individual language pages:

Operating system packages

For a full list of operating system packages available on Heroku-24, please refer to article Ubuntu Packages on Heroku Stacks.

Support period

Heroku-24 is based on Ubuntu 24.04. It will be supported through April 2029. Learn more about Heroku’s stack update policy.

Using Heroku-24

You can specify a stack when creating an app:

$ heroku create --stack heroku-24

You may change the stack on an existing app; the next build performed will then use the new stack:

$ heroku stack:set heroku-24

If you are using app.json, you should also specify the stack there to ensure that your Review Apps and Heroku CI runs use the same stack:

{
  "stack": "heroku-24"
}

Upgrading to Heroku-24

Please refer to the stack upgrading guide to understand the procedures to follow when upgrading to a new stack.

Upgrade notes

Changes to Git

Git is now only available at build time and not also at app run time.

If you need to determine the currently deployed revision of your app, either use the env var SOURCE_COMMIT during the build, or enable the Dyno Metadata feature and use the env var HEROKU_BUILD_COMMIT at run time.

If your app needs Git at run time for other purposes, install it using the APT buildpack:

1. Add the buildpack (if you are not already using it), with: heroku buildpacks:add --index 1 heroku-community/apt
2. Create a file named Aptfile in the root of your app source code, containing the package name git on its own line.
3. Add export GIT_EXEC_PATH=/app/.apt/usr/lib/git-core to any Bash scripts that call Git at run time, so that Git can find the custom installation. (This step is only necessary until heroku/heroku-buildpack-apt#137 is fixed, and prevents a git: 'remote-https' is not a git command error.)

Changes to system Python

The system Python installation in the base image is now only available at build time, and not also at app run time. In addition, the system Python installation is now only available via the python3 command, and not also via the transitionary python symlink.

These changes will not affect apps using the Python buildpack since the Python installation provided by the buildpack takes precedence over the system Python installation.

If your app needs Python at run time and was not already using the Python buildpack you must add the Python buildpack to your app. Run heroku buildpacks:add --index 1 heroku/python, create an empty requirements.txt file in the root directory of your app source code, and then deploy the changes.

Changes to the Docker images published to Docker Hub

We now publish the Heroku-24 Docker images as multi-architecture images, that support both the amd64 and arm64 architectures instead of only amd64. If you use these images outside of Heroku on a machine with an ARM CPU, Docker will now automatically use the arm64 architecture instead of amd64. To switch back to the amd64 architecture pass --platform linux/amd64 to docker build or docker run, or use FROM --platform=linux/amd64 IMAGE_NAME in your Dockerfile.

In addition, we now set the default Linux user for these Docker images to heroku, which does not have root permissions. If you need to modify locations outside of /home/heroku or /tmp you will need to switch back to the root user. To do this add USER root to your Dockerfile when building images, or pass --user root to any docker run commands.

OpenJDK default version has changed

The default OpenJDK version used to run Java, Scala and Clojure apps has changed. Instead of defaulting to OpenJDK 8, the most recent long-term support release will be installed. This is currently OpenJDK 21 but will change as soon as OpenJDK 25 is released. Older stacks continue to install OpenJDK 8 by default for now. We recommend that you always explicitly configure the required OpenJDK version as described here.

Additional English locales no longer installed

The stack now only includes the C, C.utf8, POSIX and en_US.utf8 locales, and not the additional en_* variants that were previously provided by the language-pack-en package. If you require one of the removed locales, install them using heroku-buildpack-locale. The default locale, POSIX, remains unchanged.

The APT sources list location and format has changed

In Ubuntu 24.04, the location of the APT sources list has changed from /etc/apt/sources.list to /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources and the file now uses the new deb822 format.

We have updated the heroku-buildpack-apt buildpack to be compatible with this change. However, any third party buildpacks that use APT to install packages and override the default dir::etc::sourceparts location will need adjusting for this change (example compatibility fix).

The legacy Google Chrome buildpack is no longer supported

The heroku-buildpack-google-chrome buildpack is not compatible with Heroku-24. We have sunset it in favour of the newer Chrome for Testing buildpack, which addresses several limitations of the old buildpack. Migrate to the new buildpack using these instructions.

The Redis Stunnel buildpack is no longer supported

The heroku-buildpack-redis buildpack is not compatible with Heroku-24. We have sunset it since Redis 6+ supports TLS natively, which makes the buildpack redundant. Remove the buildpack and switch to Redis’ native TLS support instead. For more information, see Securing Heroku Redis.

Heroku-24 Docker images

Heroku-24 is available as two Docker images:

1. The run time image (heroku/heroku:24), which is recommended over the build image for most workloads.
2. The build image (heroku/heroku:24-build), which is larger as it includes development headers and toolchains. It is only recommended for customers that need to compile source code or dependencies.

Use the following command in your Dockerfile to use Heroku-24 as your base image:

FROM heroku/heroku:24

We publish these images as multi-architecture images, supporting both the amd64 and arm64 CPU architectures. By default Docker will use the image architecture that matches the machine on which it is being run. To force the use of a different architecture, pass --platform linux/<architecture> to docker build or docker run commands, or use FROM --platform=linux/<architecture> IMAGE_NAME in your Dockerfile.

The default Linux user for these images is heroku, which does not have root permissions. If you need to modify locations outside of /home/heroku or /tmp you will need to switch back to the root user. To do this add USER root to your Dockerfile when building images, or pass --user root to any docker run commands.

To learn more about deploying Docker images, please refer to the Heroku Container Registry and Runtime documentation.