Deploying Executable JAR Files

Last updated 25 May 2020

Many Java and JVM applications are packaged into a self-contained executable JAR file that includes application code, configuration and dependencies. These artifacts are often called “uberjars” or “fat jars”.

This article shows several different techniques for deploying a fat JAR to Heroku.

Using the Heroku Java CLI plugin

The Heroku Java CLI plugin can deploy a pre-built JAR file with very little set up or dependencies. To use it, you must have created a Heroku account and installed the Heroku CLI. Then run this command to install the plugin:

$ heroku plugins:install java

Then create an application:

$ heroku create --no-remote

And deploy your JAR file by running this command, replacing the app name (sushi in this case) with the app name generated by the previous command:

$ heroku deploy:jar target/my-app.jar --app sushi

You can customize the execution of the JAR file by creating a Procfile or including additional files in the deployment.

Using the Heroku Maven plugin

The Heroku Maven Plugin can be used as described in Deploying Java Applications with the Heroku Maven Plugin, but with the following configuration:

<includeTarget>false</includeTarget>
<includes>
  <include>target/my-app-1.0.jar</include>
</includes>

Then configure your process types to execute the JAR by adding some configuration like this:

<processTypes>
  <web>java -jar target/my-app-1.0.jar</web>
</processTypes>

You can customize the deployment as described in Deploying Java Applications with the Heroku Maven Plugin.

Deployment with Git

When you deploy your source code to Heroku with git push heroku master (as described in Deploying with Git), your JAR file will be included in your app’s slug. You only need to define how to run it in the app’s Procfile. For example:

web: java -jar target/myapp.jar

Make sure you add your Procfile changes to your Git repository.

Deploying Scala fat jars

The sbt-heroku plugin has built-in support for sbt-assembly, which is the de facto tool for building Scala fat JAR files.

If you are packaging your application with sbt-assembly, you can deploy that file by adding the following configuration to your build.sbt:

herokuFatJar in Compile := Some((assemblyOutputPath in assembly).value)

If not using sbt-assembly, you may replace (assemblyOutputPath in assembly).value with the relative path to your JAR file. Then you can deploy by running:

$ sbt assembly deployHeroku

The sbt-heroku plugin will skip the default sbt-native-packager execution and deploy your JAR directly to Heroku.

Deployment with Scala, Clojure and Gradle

Other JVM languages have support for deploying executable JAR files on Heroku. For more information see:

• Gradle: Deploying Gradle Apps on Heroku
• Clojure: Uberjar deployment with Git

Further reading

See Deploying Java Applications to Heroku from Eclipse or IntelliJ IDEA to learn how to deploy from Eclipse, IntelliJ or a CI Server.